Blueberry Breeding for the Southern United States

Abstract

The USDA blueberry breeding program was initiated in 1910 by Dr. F. V. Coville and has been continuous since that time. Plant breeders Drs. G. M. Darrow, D. H. Scott, J. N. Moore and I have worked with state agricultural experiment stations (SAES) and private growers to develop the majority of cultivars presently grown for commercial production. In the South, major cooperators with the USDA include SAES in Arkansas, North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas. Recently the USDA Small Fruits Station at Poplarville, Miss, has been instrumental in blueberry cultivar development for the South. Rabbiteye ( Vaccinium asheiReade) blueberry cultivars make up the majority of blueberry acreage grown in the South. A new type of blueberry, the southern highbush (SHB), has been developed by intraspecific hybridization with various Vacciniumspecies. Late-blooming SHB cultivars have been developed that offer better protection from spring frosts and ripen earlier than the earliest rabbiteye blueberry. Genes required to meet future needs reside within native Vacciniumspecies. Progress has been made in plant adaptation, disease resistance, fruit quality, and season of ripening. There remains a need for greater plant vigor, insect resistance and consistent production.