Variability in Detachment Force and Other Properties of Fruit Within Orange Tree Canopies

Abstract

Three studies were conducted to identify patterns of fruit detachment force (FDF) and other fruit properties of Hamlin, Pineapple and Valencia oranges [ Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck] located in different sectors of the tree canopy. FDF of fruit of all 3 cultivars was lower in the interior of the canopy than on the exterior. The FDF of Hamlin oranges was reduced in the lower portion of the canopy. The FDF of all 3 cultivars was positively correlated with fruit weight, and negatively correlated with juice content, Soluble solid concentration (SSC) of the juice and SSC/acid ratio were significantly higher in the upper and exterior sections of the trees than in the lower and interior sections. These results are useful for the development of efficient mechanical harvesting operations including the application of abscission chemicals.