Fruit Development in Almond for Fresh Consumption

Abstract

Commercialization of fresh almond [ Prunus dulcis(Mill.) D.A. Webb] seed is a potential opportunity for diversification of the almond market. Characteristics required for the commercialization of this product include early market availability, suitable seed size and high seed/fruit weight ratio. In order to determine the effect of flowering and ripening dates on fresh market quality, fruit and seed development were studied in four almond cultivars: ‘Ramillete’ (early flowering and ripening), ‘Desmayo Largueta’ (early flowering and late ripening), ‘Antoñeta’ (late flowering and early ripening), and ‘Wawona’ (late flowering and ripening). Data were collected for time from flowering to ripening, fruit and seed length, seed fresh and dry weight, the seed/fruit weight ratio, and endocarp hardness. Results confirm a rapid growth of fruit in March and April. Accelerated cotyledon development was observed in April and May, while the hardening of the endocarp occurred gradually until ripening (mesocarp split). In general, the development of fruit and seed traits was similar for the four almond cultivars, regardless of their flowering and ripening date. However, the growth of cotyledons depended on both flowering and ripening dates, with early flowering and ripening cultivars appearing most suitable for the fresh almond market.